However, a different sport emerged when basketball arrived in England.
"Net Ball" in the British Empire[edit]
A group of 15 women in long-sleeved shirts and ankle-length skirts on a grass netball court.
English women playing netball in 1910.
Basketball was first introduced to England in 1892 through the YMCA at Birkenhead in Merseyside, although the sport did not gain significant popularity in that country for another two decades.[10] Basketball was also taught at other institutions in England, either by visiting American instructors or by English people returning from visits to North America.
In 1893, Martina Bergman-Österberg informally introduced one version of basketball to her female physical training students at the Hampstead Physical Training College in London, after having seen the game being played in the United States.[11] Madame Österberg advocated physical fitness for women to better prepare them for motherhood and in the wider context of women's emancipation.[12] Basketball was more formally introduced to Madame Österberg's college by an American lecturer, Dr Toles (alternatively spelled "Toll"), in 1895.[13][14] This version of the game was played with waste paper baskets for goals that were hung on walls; there were also no lines, boundaries, or circles as in the modern game.[13]
The rules of this game were modified at Madame Österberg's college (which moved to Dartford, Kent in 1895) over several years. Substantial revisions were made during a visit in 1897 from another American teacher, Miss Porter, who introduced rules from women's basketball in the United States; the game also moved outdoors onto grass courts, the playing court was divided into three zones, and the baskets were replaced with rings that had nets.[5][13] By this time, the new sport had also acquired a new name: "net ball".[15] The first codified rules of netball were published in 1900[15] or 1901[14] by the Ling Association (later the Physical Education Association), with 250 copies of the rules published. From England, the game of netball was spread to all corners of the British Empire.
In some countries, the sport still retained the name "women's (outdoor) basketball" upon its arrival. "Women's basketball" arrived in Australia reportedly as early as 1897,[7] although most sources agree that it was established in that country around the start of the 20th century.[16] "Women's basketball" arrived in New Zealand in 1906[17] or 1907[18] from Australia. By 1909, "netball" was also being played in schools in Jamaica.[19] Netball spread throughout much of the British Empire during the first half of the 20th century.
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