The Vowles case cost the WRU insurers a lot of money.
Llanharan 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] XV were playing Tondu 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] XV at Llanharan in a local derby. Richard Vowles was the Llanharan hooker. Early in the game the Llanharan loosehead prop, Gavin Marsh, dislocated his shoulder, and the replacement was Chris Jones, a 1[SUP]st[/SUP] XV back row player who had played a couple of times in the front row before. The referee, David Evans, a practising solicitor, was himself an ex-forward who had played for Sale. He asked the Llanharan captain if he wanted uncontested scrums, and the offer was declined.
Subsequently during the game there were many collapsed scrums. Vowles claimed there were 55, but this seems improbably high. The Tondu hooker, Gareth Davies, said the scrums "descended into a joke" after the introduction of Mr Jones and added, "I could twist him and bring him down low. He clearly did not have any experience as a prop and we said to the ref we should have unopposed scrums." Vowles himself said "Chris Jones was thinner than the average prop so I could not bind properly. We were miles apart. His timing was wrong going down which meant I was taking the weight of the opposing hooker and props." It was also claimed that the referee did not use the usual “Crouch and hold. Engage” procedure for setting a scrum. Peter Murphy QC, acting for Mr Vowles, said "Chris Jones did his best but he did not have the special skills required and that should have been manifestly apparent to the ref."
Llanharan were winning 3-0 in injury time, and Tondu were attempting a pushover try. The attempt led to repeated collapsed scrums. The final one failed to engage properly, and when they separated, Vowles fell to the ground in agony.
The Llanharan 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] XV coach, former Bridgend and Maesteg back row forward Derrick Brown, said he had not thought the players were in danger. There were more collapsed scrums than normal, but he put that down to the poor conditions with a very slippery pitch. He admitted he had no technical knowledge of front row play.
Mr Vowles succeeded in his claim against the WRU and Mr Evans; he failed in his claim against the captain and coach of Llanharan RFC. This ruling was subsequently confirmed in the Court of Appeal, who refused leave to appeal further to the House of Lords.
I don't really see why the sole responsibility rested on the referee.